a by election is held

In Britain, a by-election is held when a Member of Parliament dies, retires or resigns.

英国的下院议会成员中有人去世、退休或辞职时，就要进行补缺选举。

Members of the House of Commons are elected either at a General election, when all the seats are contested, or at a by-election held when an MP dies or resigns, or is given a peerage.

下议院议员或经过所有的议席都可竞争的大选选出，或是在议员去世，辞职或者受封为贵族时经补缺选举而产生。

Article 19 a by-election can be held by the villagers' assembly or the villagers' representatives' assembly if there is any vacancy in the villagers' committee.

第十九条村民委员会成员出缺，可以由村民会议或者村民代表会议进行补选。