literal translation and liberal translation

As we know, Literal translation or liberal translation and alienation or domestication has long been the focus of disputation in both translation theory and translation practice.

众所周知，直译或意译和异化或归化一直是翻译研究与翻译实践中学者们争论的焦点之一。

This paper also discusses the basic problems in translation such as literal and liberal translation.

本文对翻译中的基本问题如直译或意译问题也作了探讨。

For the translation of English idioms, literal, liberal and literal plus liber al translation can be used.

对于英语习语的翻译，可采用直译、意译和融合法。