单元音/i:/ see me be she need read meal eat seat deep keep
ee /i:/ sleep deep feet
ea /i:/ read eat meal
单元音 /i/ in it is fit pin bit kiss sick miss fish rich lid
闭音节中的i /i/ if, his, film(闭音节指以辅音结尾的音节)
闭音节中的y /i/ sympathy, syllable, system, gym
位于词尾的y /i/ city, pity, willingly, possibility
单元音 /e/ get let bed pen best rest wet never better best
闭音节中的e /e/ bed, peg, set, tell
ea /e/ dead, heaven, feather
单元音/A/ hat cat rat cap map fat man thank stamp fact
闭音节中的 a /A/ bad, lad, rat, cab
单元音 /α:/ heart arm darn farm cart fast car dark barn pass
ar /α:/ arm, ark, lard, dark, car, card, hard, harm
单元音 /R/ lot got job shop soft song top hot box pot lock
闭音节中的o /R/ hot, got, not, lost, on, soft
/R:/ tall fall wall Paul Maud walk call yawn thought
or /R:/ or, sport, bored, horse, more, before
a(+ll或lk) /R:/ all, fall, talk, walk
aw /R:/ law, paw, draw, flaw, claw
单元音 /u/ cook book look put good full foot would
u /u/ put, full, pull, push, sugar, cushion
oo /u/ good, took, wood, wool, stood, bedroom
ou /u/ could, would, should
单元音 /u:/ too soon rule boot fool school soup cool lose new
oo /u:/ fool, booth, room, food
ou /u:/ soup, you, group
o /u:/ do, to, who
/Q/ cup bus gun hut sung duck lung luck cut stuck
闭音节中的u /Q/ but, hunt, sun, duck, luck
闭音节中的o /Q/ son, once, colour, other, money
ou /Q/ rough, enough, touch, cousin, young
单元音 /ə:/ shirt hunt burn girl bird nurse work worm curse
er /ə:/ herd, verb, mercy
ir /ə:/ thirty, shirt, third, fir
ur /ə:/ turn, church, burn, nurse, curse
or /ə:/ word, work, world, worse
ear /ə:/ heard, earth, search
单元音 /ə/ ago about asleep above again among mother brother
许多元音在非重读章节中读成/ə/，所以/ə/的拼写形式多种多样。如：
about, sofa, doctor, colour, figure
双元音 /ei/ May pay way day same hay great gain pain spade
a /ei/ save, face, pale
ay /ei/ day, pay, may
ai /ei/ wait, fail, strait
ea /ei/ break, great
双元音 /əu/ no go so hole hope road home slow load foe soul
o /əu/ go, hello, no, open, over, joking, October
oa /əu/ coat, soap, boat, road, coast
ow /əu/ snow, throw, blow, show, know, window
双元音 /ai/ bye lie try eye cry die my five time mine alike
开音节中的i /ai/ time, crime, rite, fine
igh /ai/ high, might, night, light, bright
y /ai/ cry, my, sky, fly, July, reply
ie /ai/ eye, dye, bye
双元音 /au/ how now cow out mouse down house brown found
ou /au/ about, around, found, sound, mouse
ow /au/ down, crowd, town, brown, now, how
双元音 /Ri/ boy joy toy voice noise join coin oil soil toil
oi /Ri/ oil, boil, join, coin, spoilt, voice, choice, noise
oy /Ri/ toy, boy, enjoy, destroy, annoy, loyal, employer
双元音 /iə/ ear here fear hear dear pier tear near really idea
ear /iə/ ear, dear, hear, clear, beard
ea /iə/ idea, real, theatre
ere /iə/ here, mere, severe
eer /iə/ beer, queer, engineer
双元音 /eə/ care wear hair there fair share careful careless various repair squeare
are /eə/ care, share, fare, hare
air /eə/ air, fair, chair
双元音 /uə/ tour sure poor pure cure curious tourist dual
ur /uə/ cure, pure, fury, curious
英语辅音
英语辅音分清辅音与浊辅音，发音时声带不振动的是清辅音，如：/p,t,k,f,s/。发音时声带振动的是浊辅音，如：/b,d,g,v,z/。
英语辅音可分为以下几种：
爆破音 /p,b,t,d,k,g/。
/p,b/发音形成的部位是由双唇形成阻碍，使气流短时间内不能通过，气流克服阻碍冲出口腔发出此音。
/t,d/是由舌尖与上齿龈形成阻碍，发音方法与发/p,b/时相同。
/k,g/是由舌后部抵住软颚形成阻碍，发音方法与发/p,b/时相同。
摩擦音 /f,v,W,T,s,z,F,V,h,r/是指唇、舌与齿或者上颚的某些部位接近形成间隙，气流通过时产生摩擦的音是摩擦音。
破擦音 /tF,dV,tr,dr,ts,dz/
鼻音 /m,n,N/
边音 /l,ł/
半元音 /j,w/
英语辅音大部分是成对的，分清浊两种。如：/p,b/，/t,d/，/k,g/，/f,v/。
英语中有一部分辅音是不成对的，如：/m/，/n/，/N/，/l/，/r/，/j/，/w/ 没有对应的清辅音，/h/ 没有对应的浊辅音。
/W/ north south throw health think thing mouth
在名词中的 th /W/ bath, breath, cloth, north, south, worth
/T/ then though this that these those bathe
th /T/ this, that, there, those, mother, father
在动词中的 th /T/ bathe, breathe, clothe
在形容词中的 th /T/ northern, southern, worthy
/n/ thin ban ran run nag not new now near
/N/ thing bang rang rung ring king wing pingpong
ng /N/ morning, singer, singing, spring, wrong, tongue, long
/l/ low light line collect slow late lot left less nearly
字母l有时不发音，如：could, should, talk, walk, half
/ł/ tell till oil ill pull fall Paul little uncle Michael
含糊的/ł/ 一般在辅音前或在停顿前或在词的末尾。如：all, small, child, table, candle
